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Since the establishment of the London Metropolitan Police Cycle Response Unit in July of last year, authorities have been cracking down on illegal electric bikes and scooters, often confiscating several every day. In the UK, electric bicycles are technically regulated under the Electric Assisted Pedal Cycles (EAPC) regulations dating back to the 1980s. These regulations specify that the maximum power output of the motor is limited to 200W, and the maximum speed assisted by the motor is capped at 15 mph (approximately 24 km/h).
Under these rules, anyone aged 14 and older can ride electric bicycles without the need for additional training or safety equipment. The assistance can be provided through pedal assistance or via a throttle mechanism, allowing users to start moving by simply twisting the throttle.
However, many experts believe that these regulations are outdated. In practice, the enforcement of laws surrounding electric bikes mainly revolves around compliance with the European standard for pedelecs, EN15194. This standard allows for a maximum continuous rated power of 250W. Importantly, UK law stipulates that any bicycle without pedal power cannot be classified as an electric bike.
Bicycles that provide more than 250W of continuous power are categorized as lightweight motorcycles. Such electric bikes are subject to stricter regulations, including the need for type approval, registration, insurance, and road tax. Riders are also required to wear an approved motorcycle helmet.
In addition to these requirements, all electric bikes must be equipped with front and rear reflectors, pedal reflectors, and lights that comply with the UK Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations. The braking systems must meet British, European, or international safety standards, specifically BS EN ISO 4210-2:2014, ensuring that brakes remain in effective working condition.
As the popularity of electric bikes continues to rise, it is crucial for both manufacturers and consumers to stay informed about the current regulations to ensure compliance and safety on the roads. The evolving landscape of e-bike laws may prompt future changes that reflect the growing demand for advanced electric transport options.